Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
It is chronic disease that affects intestines, there is chronic inflammation of intestines.
Two types
- Ulcerative Colitis – It involves only Large Intestine.
- Crohn’s Disease – It involves whole digestive tract from mouth to Anus. Most commonly affecting
- small intestine and upper part of large intestine.
- Etiology – Exact etiology is not known, there are multiple factors which play role
- Genetic – Family history of disease.
- Immune system response – in IBD the immune system mistakes food as foreign substance because of which antibodies are formed which affect intestinal cells leading to symptoms.
- Environmental Triggers – After exposure to triggers people with family history of IBD may develop the disease. Triggers include smoking, medication, stress.
Clinical symptoms
- Chronic Diarrhea
- Abdominal Pain
- Blood in stool
- Weight loss
- Joint pain and swelling
- Fatigue
- Redness and painful eyes
- Skin rashes
- Anal fistula
- Generalized Weakness
Complications:
- Perforation
- Toxic Megacolon
- Venous Thrombosis
- Malabsorption
- Severe GI Bleeding
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Investigations
- CBC, LFT, RFT, USG ABDOMEN, COLONOSCOPY, UGI ENDOSCOPY, CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY, CT/ MR
- ENTEROSCOPY
- TREATMENT
- Medical –
- Various drugs used are
- Aminosalicylates
- Steroids
- Immune modulators
- Biologics
- Antibiotics to treat super added infection or abscess
Surgical
It is required to treat complications.
Prognosis
It is chronic life long disease but with proper treatment you can prevent flares and have long period of remission.
Call Us
WhatsApp